Hyperarticulation of Vowels before Voiceless Stops in English: Native and Bilingual Speakers’ Values

doi:10.18627/jslg.36.3.202011.329

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2020 Vol.36, Issue 3 Preview Page Next Page

Research Article

Hyperarticulation of Vowels before Voiceless Stops in English: Native and Bilingual Speakers’ Values 영어 무성음 앞 모음의 과잉조음 현상: 모국어 화자와 이중언어 화자 값: 오은진
Oh, Eunjin

30 November 2020. pp. 329-347

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Abstract

This study aims to test the Pre-voiceless Hyperarticulation Hypothesis of Thomas (2000) and Moreton (2004) for American English vowels [i, ɪ, eɪ, oʊ, aɪ, ɔɪ, aʊ]. Native and Korean-English bilingual speakers participated in a production experiment and read minimal pairs in the forms of “[bVd] - [bVt]” in a carrier sentence. As for the native speakers, the high front vowel [i] did not display significant peripheralization, and the lax [ɪ] tended to be centralized in the vowel space. Because the offglide [ɪ] of the diphthongs [eɪ, aɪ, ɔɪ] displayed peripheralization, the centralization of [ɪ] was interpreted as another type of hyperarticulation to maintain phonological contrast against [i] in the voiceless context. Bilingual speakers generally displayed smaller degrees of hyperarticulation or non-native- like formant patterns. It was interpreted that the learning of the fine-grained differences in the formant values according to the coda voicing has not been completed even for highly experienced learners of English.

Keywords

voiceless stop

preceding vowel

hyperarticulation

formant

duration

References

Bell-Berti, F. 1975. Control of pharyngeal cavity size for English voiced and voiceless stops. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 57, 456-461. 10.1121/1.380468 1117099
Boersma, P. and D. Weenink. 2016. Praat: Doing phonetics by computer. Software retrieved from [http://www.fon. hum.uva.nl/praat/].
Chen, M. 1970. Vowel length variation as a function of the voicing of consonant environment. Phonetica 22, 129-159. 10.1159/000259312
Choi, J., S. Kim, and T. Cho. 2016. Phonetic encoding of coda voicing contrast under different focus conditions in L1 vs. L2 English. Frontiers in Psychology 7, 1-17. 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00624
Crowther, C. S. and V. Mann. 1992. Native-language factors affecting use of vocalic cues to final-consonant voicing in English. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 92, 711-722. 10.1121/1.403996 1506526
Gay, T. 1968. Effect of speaking rate on diphthong formant movements. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 44, 1570-1573. 10.1121/1.1911298 5702031
Gay, T. 1978. Physiological and acoustic correlates of perceived stress. Language and Speech 21, 347-353. 10.1177/002383097802100409 750794
Gottfried, M., J. D. Miller, and D. J. Meyer. 1993. Three approaches to the classification of American English diphthongs. Journal of Phonetics 21, 205-229. 10.1016/S0095-4470(19)31337-3
Guion, S. G. 2003. The vowel systems of Quichua-Spanish bilinguals: Age of acquisition effects on the mutual influence of the first and second language. Phonetica 60, 98-128. 10.1159/000071449 12853715
Keating, P. 1985. Universal phonetics and the organization of grammars. In V. Fromkin (ed.), Phonetic Linguistics. Academic Press, 115-132.
Lindblom, B. 1963. Spectrographic study of vowel reduction. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 35, 1773-1781. 10.1121/1.1918816
Lindblom, B. 1986. Phonetic universals in vowel systems. In J. J. Ohala, and J. J. Jaeger (eds.), Experimental Phonology. Academic Press, 13-44.
Lindblom, B. and J. Sundberg. 1971. Acoustical consequences of lip, tongue, jaw, and larynx movement. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 50, 1166-1179. 10.1121/1.1912750 5117649
Moreton, E. 2004. Realization of the English postvocalic [voice] contrast in F₁ and F₂. Journal of Phonetics 32, 1-33. 10.1016/S0095-4470(03)00004-4
Oh, E. 2018. Spectral patterns of the American English diphthong /aɪ/ as a function of coda voicing produced by native Korean speakers. Linguistic Research 35, 179-201. 10.17250/khisli.35.1.201803.007
Peterson, G. E. and I. Lehiste. 1960. Duration of syllable nuclei in English. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 32, 693-703. 10.1121/1.1908183
Pycha, A. and D. Dahan. 2016. Differences in coda voicing trigger changes in gestural timing: A test case from the American English diphthong /aɪ/. Journal of Phonetics 56, 15-37. 10.1016/j.wocn.2016.01.002 26966337 PMC4780424
Riordan, C. J. 1980. Larynx height during English stop consonants. Journal of Phonetics 3, 353-360. 10.1016/S0095-4470(19)31485-8
Summers, W. V. 1987. Effects of stress and final-consonant voicing on vowel production: Articulatory and acoustic analysis. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 82, 847-863. 10.1121/1.395284 3655120
Summers, W. V. 1988. F₁ structure provides information for final-consonant voicing. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 84, 485-492. 10.1121/1.396826 3170941
Thomas, E. R. 2000. Spectral differences in /ai/ offsets conditioned by voicing of the following consonant. Journal of Phonetics 28, 1-25.10.1006/jpho.2000.0103
Wolf, C. G. 1978. Voicing cues in English final stops. Journal of Phonetics 6, 299-309.10.1016/S0095-4470(19)31162-3

Information

Publisher :The Modern Linguistic Society of Korea
Publisher(Ko) :한국현대언어학회
Journal Title :The Journal of Studies in Language
Journal Title(Ko) :언어연구
Volume : 36
No :3
Pages :329-347
DOI :https://doi.org/10.18627/jslg.36.3.202011.329

[1] Bell-Berti, F. 1975. Control of pharyngeal cavity size for English voiced and voiceless stops. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 57, 456-461. 10.1121/1.380468 1117099

[2] Boersma, P. and D. Weenink. 2016. Praat: Doing phonetics by computer. Software retrieved from [http://www.fon. hum.uva.nl/praat/].

[3] Chen, M. 1970. Vowel length variation as a function of the voicing of consonant environment. Phonetica 22, 129-159. 10.1159/000259312

[4] Choi, J., S. Kim, and T. Cho. 2016. Phonetic encoding of coda voicing contrast under different focus conditions in L1 vs. L2 English. Frontiers in Psychology 7, 1-17. 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00624

[5] Crowther, C. S. and V. Mann. 1992. Native-language factors affecting use of vocalic cues to final-consonant voicing in English. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 92, 711-722. 10.1121/1.403996 1506526

[6] Gay, T. 1968. Effect of speaking rate on diphthong formant movements. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 44, 1570-1573. 10.1121/1.1911298 5702031

[7] Gay, T. 1978. Physiological and acoustic correlates of perceived stress. Language and Speech 21, 347-353. 10.1177/002383097802100409 750794

[8] Gottfried, M., J. D. Miller, and D. J. Meyer. 1993. Three approaches to the classification of American English diphthongs. Journal of Phonetics 21, 205-229. 10.1016/S0095-4470(19)31337-3

[9] Guion, S. G. 2003. The vowel systems of Quichua-Spanish bilinguals: Age of acquisition effects on the mutual influence of the first and second language. Phonetica 60, 98-128. 10.1159/000071449 12853715

[10] Keating, P. 1985. Universal phonetics and the organization of grammars. In V. Fromkin (ed.), Phonetic Linguistics. Academic Press, 115-132.

[11] Lindblom, B. 1963. Spectrographic study of vowel reduction. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 35, 1773-1781. 10.1121/1.1918816

[12] Lindblom, B. 1986. Phonetic universals in vowel systems. In J. J. Ohala, and J. J. Jaeger (eds.), Experimental Phonology. Academic Press, 13-44.

[13] Lindblom, B. and J. Sundberg. 1971. Acoustical consequences of lip, tongue, jaw, and larynx movement. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 50, 1166-1179. 10.1121/1.1912750 5117649

[14] Moreton, E. 2004. Realization of the English postvocalic [voice] contrast in F₁ and F₂. Journal of Phonetics 32, 1-33. 10.1016/S0095-4470(03)00004-4

[15] Oh, E. 2018. Spectral patterns of the American English diphthong /aɪ/ as a function of coda voicing produced by native Korean speakers. Linguistic Research 35, 179-201. 10.17250/khisli.35.1.201803.007

[16] Peterson, G. E. and I. Lehiste. 1960. Duration of syllable nuclei in English. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 32, 693-703. 10.1121/1.1908183

[17] Pycha, A. and D. Dahan. 2016. Differences in coda voicing trigger changes in gestural timing: A test case from the American English diphthong /aɪ/. Journal of Phonetics 56, 15-37. 10.1016/j.wocn.2016.01.002 26966337 PMC4780424

[18] Riordan, C. J. 1980. Larynx height during English stop consonants. Journal of Phonetics 3, 353-360. 10.1016/S0095-4470(19)31485-8

[19] Summers, W. V. 1987. Effects of stress and final-consonant voicing on vowel production: Articulatory and acoustic analysis. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 82, 847-863. 10.1121/1.395284 3655120

[20] Summers, W. V. 1988. F₁ structure provides information for final-consonant voicing. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 84, 485-492. 10.1121/1.396826 3170941

[21] Thomas, E. R. 2000. Spectral differences in /ai/ offsets conditioned by voicing of the following consonant. Journal of Phonetics 28, 1-25.10.1006/jpho.2000.0103

[22] Wolf, C. G. 1978. Voicing cues in English final stops. Journal of Phonetics 6, 299-309.10.1016/S0095-4470(19)31162-3

The Journal of Studies in LanguageISSN:1225-4770(Print) 2671-6151(Online)한국현대언어학회

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