Wh-Licensing in Korean, Japanese, Chinese, and English

doi:10.18627/jslg.34.3.201811.475

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2018 Vol.34, Issue 3 Preview Page Next Page

Research Article

Wh-Licensing in Korean, Japanese, Chinese, and English: Park, Myung-Kwan, Kwon, Junhyeok

30 November 2018. pp. 475-489

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Abstract

This paper compares wh-phrases-in-situ in Korean, Japanese, and Chinese with their overly-moved counterparts in English. Recently, Abe (2017) takes an Agree-based Minimal Search approach, while Saito (2017) takes a covert movement approach, revealing how wh-elements in Japanese associate with the corresponding Q-particles. On the other hand, it has been argued that, like those in English, wh-expressions in Chinese undergo phrasal movement to the Spec of CP to be adequately licensed (among others, see also Pan 2014). However, Chinese differs from English considering where wh-expressions are actually realized. In keeping with the recent proposals on wh-movement and interpretation in these languages, this paper uses three newly recruited diagnostics to show that Korean/Japanese argument wh-phrases undergo overt Agree-based licensing, but Chinese and English counterparts undergo overt phrasal movement, with the tail of the wh-chain realized in the former language but its head realized in the latter language. (Dongguk University)

Keywords

wh-licensing

multiple wh-question

intervention effect

island conditions

universal QP

negative QP

References

Abe, Jun. 2017. Wh-in-Situ Licensing. Unpublished manuscript.
Aoun, Joseph and Yen-hui Audrey Li. 1993. Wh-Elements in Situ: Syntax or LF? Linguistic Inquiry 24.2, 199-238.
Beck, Sigrid. 1997. Wh-Constructions and Transparent Logical Form. Neuphilologische Fakultät Tübingen.
Beck, Sigrid and Shin-Sook Kim. 1997. On Wh-and Operator Scope in Korean. Journal of East Asian Linguistics 6.4, 339-384.10.1023/A:1008280026102
Bobaljik, Jonathan David. 2002. A-Chains At the PF-interface: Copies and Covert Movement. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 20.2, 197-267.10.1023/A:1015059006439
Bošković, Željko. 2000. Sometimes in SpecCP, sometimes in-Situ. In Step by step: Essays on Minimalism in Honor of Howard Lasnik, ed. R. Martin, D. Michaels, and J. Uriagereka, 53-87. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Chomsky, Noam, 1995. The Minimalist Program. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
de Swart, Henriette. 1992. Intervention Effects, Monotonicity and Scope. In C. Barker and D. Dowty (ed). Proceedings of SALT II, 389-406.10.3765/salt.v2i0.3033
Huang, C.-T. James. 1982. Logical Relations in Chinese and the Theory of Grammar. Doctoral Dissertation, MIT, Cambridge, Mass.
Kuroda, S.Y., 1965. Generative Grammatical Studies in the Japanese Language. Doctoral Dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Lasnik, Howard, and Mamoru Saito. 1994. Move Alpha: Conditions on its Application and Output. MIT press.
Longobardi, Giuseppe. 1987. Extraction from NP and the Proper notion of Head Government. In The Syntax of Noun Phrases (ed). Alessandra Giorgi and Giuseppe Longobardi, 57-112. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Nishigauchi, Taisuke. 1986. Quantification in Syntax. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
Nishigauchi, Taisuke. 1990. Quantification in the Theory of Grammar. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.10.1007/978-94-009-1972-32313917
Obenauer, Hans Georg. 1976. Etudes De Syntax Interrogative Du Francais. Tübingen: Niemeyer.
Pan, Victor Junnan. 2014. ‘Wh-ex-situ in Chinese: Mapping between Information Structure and Split CP. Linguistic SAnalysis 39.3-4, 371-413.
Pesetsky, David. 2000. Phrasal Movement and its Kin. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.10.7551/mitpress/5365.001.0001
Pesetsky, David. 1987. Wh-in-situ: Movement and Unselective Binding. In The Representation of (in)Definiteness (ed). Eric Reuland and A. ter Meulen, 98-129. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Richards, Norvin. 1997. In Full Pursuit of the Unspeakable. In Proceedings of NELS (Vol. 28).
Rudin, Catherine. 1988. On Multiple Questions and Multiple Wh-fronting. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 6, 445-501.10.1007/BF00134489
Saito, Mamoru 2017. Japanese Wh-phrases as Operators with Unspecified Quantificational Force. Language and Linguistics 18.1, 1-25.10.1075/lali.18.1.01sai
Suh, Chung-Mok. 1989. WH-Constructions in Korean. Harvard Studies in Korean Linguistics 3, 517-526.
Szabolcsi, Anna, and Frans Zwarts. 1993. Weak Islands and an Algebraic Semantics for Scope Taking. Natural Language Semantics 1, 235-284.10.1007/BF00263545
Tomioka, Satoshi. 2007. Pragmatics of LF Intervention Effects: Japanese and Korean Wh-Interrogatives. Journal of Pragmatics 39.9, 1570-1590.10.1016/j.pragma.2007.03.002

Information

Publisher :The Modern Linguistic Society of Korea
Publisher(Ko) :한국현대언어학회
Journal Title :The Journal of Studies in Language
Journal Title(Ko) :언어연구
Volume : 34
No :3
Pages :475-489
DOI :https://doi.org/10.18627/jslg.34.3.201811.475

[1] Abe, Jun. 2017. Wh-in-Situ Licensing. Unpublished manuscript.

[2] Aoun, Joseph and Yen-hui Audrey Li. 1993. Wh-Elements in Situ: Syntax or LF? Linguistic Inquiry 24.2, 199-238.

[3] Beck, Sigrid. 1997. Wh-Constructions and Transparent Logical Form. Neuphilologische Fakultät Tübingen.

[4] Beck, Sigrid and Shin-Sook Kim. 1997. On Wh-and Operator Scope in Korean. Journal of East Asian Linguistics 6.4, 339-384.10.1023/A:1008280026102

[5] Bobaljik, Jonathan David. 2002. A-Chains At the PF-interface: Copies and Covert Movement. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 20.2, 197-267.10.1023/A:1015059006439

[6] Bošković, Željko. 2000. Sometimes in SpecCP, sometimes in-Situ. In Step by step: Essays on Minimalism in Honor of Howard Lasnik, ed. R. Martin, D. Michaels, and J. Uriagereka, 53-87. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

[7] Chomsky, Noam, 1995. The Minimalist Program. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

[8] de Swart, Henriette. 1992. Intervention Effects, Monotonicity and Scope. In C. Barker and D. Dowty (ed). Proceedings of SALT II, 389-406.10.3765/salt.v2i0.3033

[9] Huang, C.-T. James. 1982. Logical Relations in Chinese and the Theory of Grammar. Doctoral Dissertation, MIT, Cambridge, Mass.

[10] Kuroda, S.Y., 1965. Generative Grammatical Studies in the Japanese Language. Doctoral Dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

[11] Lasnik, Howard, and Mamoru Saito. 1994. Move Alpha: Conditions on its Application and Output. MIT press.

[12] Longobardi, Giuseppe. 1987. Extraction from NP and the Proper notion of Head Government. In The Syntax of Noun Phrases (ed). Alessandra Giorgi and Giuseppe Longobardi, 57-112. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

[13] Nishigauchi, Taisuke. 1986. Quantification in Syntax. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst.

[14] Nishigauchi, Taisuke. 1990. Quantification in the Theory of Grammar. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.10.1007/978-94-009-1972-32313917

[15] Obenauer, Hans Georg. 1976. Etudes De Syntax Interrogative Du Francais. Tübingen: Niemeyer.

[16] Pan, Victor Junnan. 2014. ‘Wh-ex-situ in Chinese: Mapping between Information Structure and Split CP. Linguistic SAnalysis 39.3-4, 371-413.

[17] Pesetsky, David. 2000. Phrasal Movement and its Kin. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.10.7551/mitpress/5365.001.0001

[18] Pesetsky, David. 1987. Wh-in-situ: Movement and Unselective Binding. In The Representation of (in)Definiteness (ed). Eric Reuland and A. ter Meulen, 98-129. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

[19] Richards, Norvin. 1997. In Full Pursuit of the Unspeakable. In Proceedings of NELS (Vol. 28).

[20] Rudin, Catherine. 1988. On Multiple Questions and Multiple Wh-fronting. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 6, 445-501.10.1007/BF00134489

[21] Saito, Mamoru 2017. Japanese Wh-phrases as Operators with Unspecified Quantificational Force. Language and Linguistics 18.1, 1-25.10.1075/lali.18.1.01sai

[22] Suh, Chung-Mok. 1989. WH-Constructions in Korean. Harvard Studies in Korean Linguistics 3, 517-526.

[23] Szabolcsi, Anna, and Frans Zwarts. 1993. Weak Islands and an Algebraic Semantics for Scope Taking. Natural Language Semantics 1, 235-284.10.1007/BF00263545

[24] Tomioka, Satoshi. 2007. Pragmatics of LF Intervention Effects: Japanese and Korean Wh-Interrogatives. Journal of Pragmatics 39.9, 1570-1590.10.1016/j.pragma.2007.03.002

The Journal of Studies in Language ISSN:1225-4770(Print) 2671-6151(Online) 언어연구

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