An Acoustic and Perceptual Analysis of Laryngeal Contrasts in Korean Word-Internal Stops

doi:10.18627/jslg.34.2.201808.215

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2018 Vol.34, Issue 2 Preview Page Next Page

Research Article

An Acoustic and Perceptual Analysis of Laryngeal Contrasts in Korean Word-Internal Stops: Ahn, Mee-Jin

31 August 2018. pp. 215-231

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Abstract

This paper examines acoustic cues of Korean word-internal stops from the production and perception tests. Korean word-internal lax, aspirated and tense stops were mainly distinguished by closure duration and H1-H2 cues rather than VOT or F0 cues which function as major cues for the contrast of Korean word-initial stops. For the word-internal stop contrast, VOT and F0 cues were weakened or neutralized, but the closure duration cue was somewhat strengthened by its more significant differences among the three stops: the ratios were 1:2.4:2.9. In addition, 50% of lax stops were voiced during their closure. The primary role of the closure duration in perception was confirmed through the stop identification test: 90% of the consonant portions with short closure duration were identified as lax stops. The distinctive values of H1-H2 among the three stops were observed and also contributed to the identification of Korean word-internal stops, especially aspirated vs. tense stops.

Keywords

Korean word-internal stops

closure duration

H1-H2

VOT

References

Ahn, H. 1999. Post-Release Phonatory Processes in English and Korean: Acoustic Correlates and Implications for Korean Phonology. Ph. D. Dissertation. University of Texas at Austin.
Boersma, P. and D. Weenink. 2017. Praat: Doing Phonetics by Computer (version 6.0.35). http://www.praat.org.
Caisse, M. 1982. Cross-linguistic Differences in Fundamental Frequency Perturbation Induced Voiceless Unaspirated stops. M.A. Thesis. University of California-Berkeley
Cho, T. H., Jun, S. A. and P. Ladefoged. 2002. Acoustic and Aerodynamic Correlates of Korean Stops and Fricatives. Journal of Phonetics 30, 193-228.10.1006/jpho.2001.0153
Choi, H. 2002. Acoustic Cues for the Korean Stop Contrast: Dialectal Variation. ZAS Papers in Linguistics 28, 1-12.
Gordon, M. and P. Ladefoged. 2001. Phonation Types: A Cross Linguistic Overview. Journal of Phonetics 29, 383-406.10.1006/jpho.2001.0147
Gráczi, T. E. 2011. Voicing Contrast of Intervocalic Plosives in Hungarian. Proceedings of the 17th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, 759-762. Hong Kong.
Han J. I. 1994. Perceptual Cues for Korean Tense and Lax Consonants. Working Papers of the Cornell Phonetics Laboratory 9, 115-35.
Han, J. I. 1996. The Phonetics and Phonology of Tense and Plain Consonants in Korean. Ph. D. Dissertation. Cornell University.
Han, J. I. 2000. Intervocalic Stop Voicing Revisited. Speech Sciences 7, 215-228.
Han, M. S. and R. S. Weitzman. 1970. Acoustic Features of Korean /P, T, K/, /p, t, k/ and /ph, th, kh/. Phonetica 22, 112-128.10.1159/000259311
Hardcastle, W. J. 1973. Some Observations on the Tense-Lax Distinction in Initial Stops in Korean. Journal of Phonetics 1, 263-272.
Hombert, J. M. 1976. The Effect of Aspiration on the Fundamental Frequency of the Following Vowel. Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Meeting of the BLS, 212-219.10.1121/1.2002863
Jun, S. A. 1993. The Phonetics and Phonology of Korean Prosody. Ph. D. Dissertation. Ohio State University.
Jun, S. A. 1996. Influence of Microprosody on Macroprosody: A Case of Phrase Initial Strengthening. UCLA Working Papers 92, 97-116.
Jun, S. A. 1998. The Accentual Phrase in the Korean Prosodic Hierarchy. Phonology 15, 189-226.10.1017/S0952675798003571
Kagaya, R. 1974. A Fiberscopic and Acoustic Study of the Korean Stops, Affricates, and Fricates. Journal of Phonetics 2, 161-180.
Kang, K. H. and S. G. Guion. 2008. Clear Speech Production of Korean Stops: Changing Phonetic Targets and Enhancement Strategy. JASA 124.6, 3909-3917.10.1121/1.2988292
Kim, C. W. 1965. On the Autonomy of the Tensity Feature in Stop Classification (with Special Reference to Korean Stops). Word 21, 339-359.10.1080/00437956.1965.11435434
Kim, M. R. 1994. Acoustic Characteristics of Korean Stops and Perception of English Stop Consonants. Ph. D. Dissertation. University of Wisconsin.
Kim, M. R. 2000. Segmental and Tonal Interactions in English and Korean: A Phonetic and Phonological Study. Ph. D. Dissertation. University of Michigan.
Kim, M. R. 2004. Correlation between VOT and F0 in the Perception of Korean Stops and Affricates. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Spoken Language, 49-52.
Kim, M. R. 2012. Tonogenesis in Korean: Some Recent Speculations on the Sound Change. Korea Journal of Linguistics 37.2, 243-283.10.18855/lisoko.2012.37.2.001
Kim, M. R. and S. Duanmu. 2004. “Tense” and “Lax” Stops in Korean. Journal of East Asian Linguistics 13, 59-104.10.1023/B:JEAL.0000007344.43938.4e
Kim, M. R., P. S. Beddor, and J. Horrocks. 2002. The Contribution of Consonantal and Vocalic Information to the Perception of Korean Initial Stops. Journal of Phonetics 30.1, 77-100.10.1006/jpho.2001.0152
Ko, E. S. 2003. The Laryngeal Effect in Korean: Phonology or Phonetics? In J. van der Weijer, V. J. Henuven, and H. van der Hulst (eds.), The Phonological Spectrum, Vol. 1: Segmental Structure, Current Issues. John Benjamins, Philadephis and Amsterdam, 171-91.
Lehiste, I. and G E. Peterson. 1961. Some Basic Considerations in the Analysis of Intonation. JASA 33, 419-425.10.1121/1.1908681
Lousada, M., Jesus, L.M.T, and A. Hall. 2010. Temporal Acoustic Correlates of the Voicing Contrast in European Portuguese stops. JIPA 40.3, 261-275.10.1017/S0025100310000186
Oh, M. and K. Johnson. 1997. A Phonetic Study of Korean Intervocalic Laryngeal Consonants. Journal of Speech Sciences (Korean Association of Speech Sciences) 1, 83-101.
Ohde, R. 1984. Fundamental Frequency as an Acoustic Correlate of Stop Consonant Voicing. JASA 75, 224-240.10.1121/1.390399
Pinho, C., Jesus, L.M.T., and A. Barney. 2010. Aerodynamics of Voiced Stop Production. Proc. ICVPB and ICALB, Madison.
Silva, D. 1992. The Phonetics and Phonology of Stop Lenition in Korean. Ph. D. Dissertation. Cornell University.
Silva, D. 2006. Acoustic Evidence for the Emergence of Tonal Contrast in Contemporary Korean. Phonology 23, 287-308.10.1017/S0952675706000911
Silva, D., Choi, Y and J. Kim. 2004. Evidence of a Diachronic Shift in the VOT Values of Korean Stop Consonants. Harvard Studies in Korean Linguistics 10, 173-185.
Wright, J. D. 2007. Laryngeal Contrast in Seoul Korean. Ph. D. Dissertation. University of Pennsylvania.
Yang, B. 1993. A Voice Onset Time Comparison of English and Korean Stop Consonants. Dongeui Journal 20, 41-59.

Information

Publisher :The Modern Linguistic Society of Korea
Publisher(Ko) :한국현대언어학회
Journal Title :The Journal of Studies in Language
Journal Title(Ko) :언어연구
Volume : 34
No :2
Pages :215-231
DOI :https://doi.org/10.18627/jslg.34.2.201808.215

[1] Ahn, H. 1999. Post-Release Phonatory Processes in English and Korean: Acoustic Correlates and Implications for Korean Phonology. Ph. D. Dissertation. University of Texas at Austin.

[2] Boersma, P. and D. Weenink. 2017. Praat: Doing Phonetics by Computer (version 6.0.35). http://www.praat.org.

[3] Caisse, M. 1982. Cross-linguistic Differences in Fundamental Frequency Perturbation Induced Voiceless Unaspirated stops. M.A. Thesis. University of California-Berkeley

[4] Cho, T. H., Jun, S. A. and P. Ladefoged. 2002. Acoustic and Aerodynamic Correlates of Korean Stops and Fricatives. Journal of Phonetics 30, 193-228.10.1006/jpho.2001.0153

[5] Choi, H. 2002. Acoustic Cues for the Korean Stop Contrast: Dialectal Variation. ZAS Papers in Linguistics 28, 1-12.

[6] Gordon, M. and P. Ladefoged. 2001. Phonation Types: A Cross Linguistic Overview. Journal of Phonetics 29, 383-406.10.1006/jpho.2001.0147

[7] Gráczi, T. E. 2011. Voicing Contrast of Intervocalic Plosives in Hungarian. Proceedings of the 17th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, 759-762. Hong Kong.

[8] Han J. I. 1994. Perceptual Cues for Korean Tense and Lax Consonants. Working Papers of the Cornell Phonetics Laboratory 9, 115-35.

[9] Han, J. I. 1996. The Phonetics and Phonology of Tense and Plain Consonants in Korean. Ph. D. Dissertation. Cornell University.

[10] Han, J. I. 2000. Intervocalic Stop Voicing Revisited. Speech Sciences 7, 215-228.

[11] Han, M. S. and R. S. Weitzman. 1970. Acoustic Features of Korean /P, T, K/, /p, t, k/ and /ph, th, kh/. Phonetica 22, 112-128.10.1159/000259311

[12] Hardcastle, W. J. 1973. Some Observations on the Tense-Lax Distinction in Initial Stops in Korean. Journal of Phonetics 1, 263-272.

[13] Hombert, J. M. 1976. The Effect of Aspiration on the Fundamental Frequency of the Following Vowel. Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Meeting of the BLS, 212-219.10.1121/1.2002863

[14] Jun, S. A. 1993. The Phonetics and Phonology of Korean Prosody. Ph. D. Dissertation. Ohio State University.

[15] Jun, S. A. 1996. Influence of Microprosody on Macroprosody: A Case of Phrase Initial Strengthening. UCLA Working Papers 92, 97-116.

[16] Jun, S. A. 1998. The Accentual Phrase in the Korean Prosodic Hierarchy. Phonology 15, 189-226.10.1017/S0952675798003571

[17] Kagaya, R. 1974. A Fiberscopic and Acoustic Study of the Korean Stops, Affricates, and Fricates. Journal of Phonetics 2, 161-180.

[18] Kang, K. H. and S. G. Guion. 2008. Clear Speech Production of Korean Stops: Changing Phonetic Targets and Enhancement Strategy. JASA 124.6, 3909-3917.10.1121/1.2988292

[19] Kim, C. W. 1965. On the Autonomy of the Tensity Feature in Stop Classification (with Special Reference to Korean Stops). Word 21, 339-359.10.1080/00437956.1965.11435434

[20] Kim, M. R. 1994. Acoustic Characteristics of Korean Stops and Perception of English Stop Consonants. Ph. D. Dissertation. University of Wisconsin.

[21] Kim, M. R. 2000. Segmental and Tonal Interactions in English and Korean: A Phonetic and Phonological Study. Ph. D. Dissertation. University of Michigan.

[22] Kim, M. R. 2004. Correlation between VOT and F0 in the Perception of Korean Stops and Affricates. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Spoken Language, 49-52.

[23] Kim, M. R. 2012. Tonogenesis in Korean: Some Recent Speculations on the Sound Change. Korea Journal of Linguistics 37.2, 243-283.10.18855/lisoko.2012.37.2.001

[24] Kim, M. R. and S. Duanmu. 2004. “Tense” and “Lax” Stops in Korean. Journal of East Asian Linguistics 13, 59-104.10.1023/B:JEAL.0000007344.43938.4e

[25] Kim, M. R., P. S. Beddor, and J. Horrocks. 2002. The Contribution of Consonantal and Vocalic Information to the Perception of Korean Initial Stops. Journal of Phonetics 30.1, 77-100.10.1006/jpho.2001.0152

[26] Ko, E. S. 2003. The Laryngeal Effect in Korean: Phonology or Phonetics? In J. van der Weijer, V. J. Henuven, and H. van der Hulst (eds.), The Phonological Spectrum, Vol. 1: Segmental Structure, Current Issues. John Benjamins, Philadephis and Amsterdam, 171-91.

[27] Lehiste, I. and G E. Peterson. 1961. Some Basic Considerations in the Analysis of Intonation. JASA 33, 419-425.10.1121/1.1908681

[28] Lousada, M., Jesus, L.M.T, and A. Hall. 2010. Temporal Acoustic Correlates of the Voicing Contrast in European Portuguese stops. JIPA 40.3, 261-275.10.1017/S0025100310000186

[29] Oh, M. and K. Johnson. 1997. A Phonetic Study of Korean Intervocalic Laryngeal Consonants. Journal of Speech Sciences (Korean Association of Speech Sciences) 1, 83-101.

[30] Ohde, R. 1984. Fundamental Frequency as an Acoustic Correlate of Stop Consonant Voicing. JASA 75, 224-240.10.1121/1.390399

[31] Pinho, C., Jesus, L.M.T., and A. Barney. 2010. Aerodynamics of Voiced Stop Production. Proc. ICVPB and ICALB, Madison.

[32] Silva, D. 1992. The Phonetics and Phonology of Stop Lenition in Korean. Ph. D. Dissertation. Cornell University.

[33] Silva, D. 2006. Acoustic Evidence for the Emergence of Tonal Contrast in Contemporary Korean. Phonology 23, 287-308.10.1017/S0952675706000911

[34] Silva, D., Choi, Y and J. Kim. 2004. Evidence of a Diachronic Shift in the VOT Values of Korean Stop Consonants. Harvard Studies in Korean Linguistics 10, 173-185.

[35] Wright, J. D. 2007. Laryngeal Contrast in Seoul Korean. Ph. D. Dissertation. University of Pennsylvania.

[36] Yang, B. 1993. A Voice Onset Time Comparison of English and Korean Stop Consonants. Dongeui Journal 20, 41-59.

The Journal of Studies in Language ISSN:1225-4770(Print) 2671-6151(Online) 언어연구

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