Criticality Enhancement through Critical Discourse

doi:10.18627/jslg.34.2.201808.179

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2018 Vol.34, Issue 2 Preview Page Next Page

Research Article

Criticality Enhancement through Critical Discourse: Kim, Eunjeo

31 August 2018. pp. 179-195

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Abstract

This study was designed to explore criticality enhancement of EFL learners through reading with Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). For the study, two pairs of articles were selected from four different news sources. Before CDA instruction, articles on the Sewol ferry disaster from the CNN.com and the Korea Times were used. After the CDA instruction, articles from the New York Times and the Korea Herald on President Park’s impeachment were used. The participants comprised 78 university students at a university of Gyeonggi-do. They took text analysis tests before and after CDA instructions. In the end, learners replied to 5 questions to inform any changes in their motivation, attitudes, criticality, interests, and class interaction. The findings indicated that learners’ critical analysis was clearly enhanced, though differently depending on the divisions of CDA. The findings of the questionnaire revealed that students’ motivation, criticality, interests and class interactions had changed.

Keywords

criticality

critical discourse analysis

EFL learners

critical thinking

internet news resources

References

Ahmed, M. D. 2015. An Analysis of Comprehension Performance of Sudanese EFL Students, English Language Teaching 8.7 retrieved on 27 March 2017 from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1075459.pdf
Alderson, J. C. 2000. Assessing Reading. Cambridge Language Assessment Series Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511732935
Baron, J. 1985. Rationality and Intelligence. NY: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511571275
Brown, G. and Yule, G. 1983. Discourse Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511805226
Carter, R. 2003. Language Awareness. ELT Journal 57.1. Oxford University Press, 64-65.
Celce-Murcia, M. and Olshtain, E. 2000. Discourse and Context in Language Teaching: A Guide for Language Teachers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Choe S., and Rich, M. 2017. As Scandal Roils South Korea, Fingers Point to Mixing of Politics and Business, The New York Times, Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/02/world/asia/south-korea-park-geun-hye-samsung.html
Cook, G. 1989. Discourse. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Correia, R. 2006. Encouraging Critical Reading in the EFL Classroom. English Teaching Forum 16-20. Retrieved on 3rd July , 2017 from https://americanenglish.state.gov/files/ae/resource_files/forum_rosane_correia_0.pdf
Cots, J. M. 2006. Teaching “with an Attitude”: Critical Discourse Analysis in EFL Teaching. ELT Journal 60.4, 336-345.10.1093/elt/ccl024
Cranton, P. 1996. Professional Development as Transformative Learning: New Perspectives for Teachers of Adults. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.8888852
Facione, P. A. 1990. Critical Thinking: A Statement of Expert Consensus for Purposes of Educational Assessment and Instruction. Millbrae, CA: The California Academic Press.2234555
Facione, P. A. 2000. The Disposition toward Critical Thinking: It's Character, Measurement, and Relationship to Critical Thinking Skill. Infoml Logic 20.1, 61-84.10.22329/il.v20i1.2254
Fairclough, N. (ed.) 1992. Critical Language Awareness. London: Longman.
Fairclough, N. 1995. Critical Discourse Analysis. London: Longman.
Fairclough, N. 2001. Language and Power (2nd eds.). London: Longman.
Faireclough, N. 1989. Language and Power. London: Longman.
Farrelly M. 2015. Discourse and Democracy: Critical Analysis of the Language of Government. Routledge: New York, London
Fisher, A. 2001. Critical Thinking. An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Fredricks, L. 2007. A Rationale for Critical Pedagogy in EFL: The Case of Tajikistan, The Reading Matri 7.2, 22-28.
Freire, P. 2005. Education for Critical Consciousness. New York, NY: Continuum International Publishing Group.
Fung, D. 2014. Promoting Critical Thinking Through Effective Group Work. Educational Research 66, 45-62.
Griffiths, J., Seo, Y., Suk, L., and Hancocks, P. 2017. South Korea: Sewol Ferry Emerges from the Qater 3 Years after Sinking, CNN.com, Retrieved from https://edition.cnn.com/2017/03/22/asia/south-korea-sewol-ferry/index.html
Halpern, D. F. 1996. Thought and Knowledge: An Introduction to Critical Thinking. 3rd Ed. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Janks, H. 2010. Literacy and Power. London and New York: Roytledge.
Janks, H., Dixon, K., Ferreira, A., Granville, S., and Newfield, D. 2014. Doing Critical Literacy; Text and Activities for Students and Teachers. New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
Kim, E. J. 2017a. Fostering Criticality in English Presentation Class for EFL Learners, The Journal of Studies in Language 33.1, 45-70.10.18627/jslg.33.1.201705.45
Kim, E. J. 2017b. Enhancing Critical Language Awareness with Discourse Analysis Frameworks in the EFL Context, Foreign Studies 39, 11-42.
Lee, K., and Kim, S. 2017. Sewol Seen above Water after 1073 Days, The Korea Times. Retrieved from http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2017/03/356_226184.html
Littlewood, W. 2000. Do Asian Students Really Want to Listen and Obey? ELT Journal 54.1, 31-35.10.1093/elt/54.1.31
Locke, T. 2004. Critical Discourse Analysis. London: Continuum.
McCarthy, M. 1991. Discourse Analysis for Language Teachers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
McCarthy, M., and Carter, R. 1994. Language as Discourse: Perspectives for Language Teaching. London: Longman.
McGuire, J. M. 2007. Why has the Critical Thinking Movement not Come to Korea? Asia Pacific Education Review 8.2, 224-232. Retrieved on October 8, 2017 from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ776339.pdf 10.1007/BF03029258
Nisbett, R. 2003. The Geography of Thought: How Asians and Westerners Think Differently and Why. New York, NY: The Free Press.
Norton, B. 2010. Review: Literacy and Power, Hilary Janks, New York, NY: Routledge, 2009, ppxxi + 245. Tesol Quarterly, 870-872.
Norton, B. and K. Toohey (eds.) 2004. Critical Pedagogies and Language Learning. New York: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9781139524834
Norton, S. 2008. Discourse Analysis as an Approach to Intercultural Competence in the Advanced EFL Classroom. Retrieved on 12 June, 2017 from http://arrow.dit.ie/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&context =aaschlanart
Ock, H. 2017. Court Dismisses Park's Explanation on Missing 7 Hours as 'Insufficient' The Korea Herald. Retrieved from http://www.asiaone.com/asia/court-dismisses-parks-explanation-missing-7-hours-insufficient
Paul, R. 1990. Critical Thinking: What Every Person Needs to Survive in a Rapidly Changing World. Rohnert Park, CA: Center for Critical Thinking and Moral Critique.
Pennycook, A. 2001. Critical Applied Linguistics: A Critical Introduction. Lawrence Erlbaum: Mahwah.
Ritchhart, R. 2002. Intellectual Character: What it is, Why it Matters, and How to Get it. San Fransisco: Jossey-Bass.
Robinson, M. 2005. Metalanguage in L1 English-speaking 12-year-olds: Which Aspects of Writing do They Talk about? Language Awareness 14.1, 39-55.10.1080/09658410508668819
Schmidt, R. W. 2001. Attention. In P. Robinson (ed.), Cognition and Second Language Instruction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 3-32.10.1017/CBO9781139524780.003 PMC2238342
Tomalin, B. 2008. Making Culture Happen in the English Language Classroom. Retrieved on 14 Nov., 2010 from http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/think/articles/making-culture-happen-english-language-classroom
Tuchman, G. 1978. Making News: A Study in the Construction of Reality, New York: Free Press.
Urquhart, A.H. and Weir, C. 1998. Reading in a Second Language: Process, Product, and Practice. London and New York: Longman.
Van Dijk, T. A. 1997. Discourse as Interaction in Society. In T. A. Van Dijk (ed.), Discourse as Social Interaction. London: Sage, 1-37.
Van Dijk, T. A. 2001. Discourse, Ideology and Context. International Pragmatics Association Conference, Budapest, Hongrie 35, 11-40.
Wallace, C. 1999. Critical Language Awareness: Key Principles for a Course in Critical Reading. Language Awareness 8.1, 98-109.10.1080/09658419908667121
Wallace, C. 2003. Critical Reading in Language Education. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.10.1057/9780230514447
Widdowson, H. G. 2000. Object Language and the Language Subject: on the Mediating Role of Applied Linguistics. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 20, 21-33.10.1017/S0267190500200020
Wodak, R. 1984. Determination of Guilt: Discourses in the Courtroom. In C. Karamarae, M. Cchulz, and W. M. O’Barr (eds.), Language and Power. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 89-100.
Wright, T. and R. Bolitho 1993. Language Awareness: A Missing Link in Language Teacher Education? ELT Journal 47.4, 292-304.10.1093/elt/47.4.292
Yang, P. 2013. A Critical Discourse Analysis of Taiwan’s National Debate on Economic Ties with China, Taiwan Journal of Linguistics 11.2, 83-104, 2013 Retrieved on June. 22, 2018 from http://tjl.nccu.edu.tw/main/uploads/11.2__.4_1_.pdf
Young, L., and Harrison, C. (eds.). 2004. Systemic Functional Linguistics and Critical Discourse Analysis. Studies in Social Change. London: Continuum.
Yu, J. 2015. Analysis of Critical Reading Strategies and Its Effect on College English Reading. Theory and Practice in Language Studies 5.1, 134-138, Retrieved on July 21, 2017 from 10.17507/tpls.0501.18
Zinkgraf, M. 2003. Assessing the Development of Critical Language Awareness in a Foreign Language Environment. http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs/data/eric docs2sql/content_storage_01/0000019b/80/1b/52/9c.pdf , May 12, 2011.

Information

Publisher :The Modern Linguistic Society of Korea
Publisher(Ko) :한국현대언어학회
Journal Title :The Journal of Studies in Language
Journal Title(Ko) :언어연구
Volume : 34
No :2
Pages :179-195
DOI :https://doi.org/10.18627/jslg.34.2.201808.179

[1] Ahmed, M. D. 2015. An Analysis of Comprehension Performance of Sudanese EFL Students, English Language Teaching 8.7 retrieved on 27 March 2017 from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1075459.pdf

[2] Alderson, J. C. 2000. Assessing Reading. Cambridge Language Assessment Series Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511732935

[3] Baron, J. 1985. Rationality and Intelligence. NY: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511571275

[4] Brown, G. and Yule, G. 1983. Discourse Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511805226

[5] Carter, R. 2003. Language Awareness. ELT Journal 57.1. Oxford University Press, 64-65.

[6] Celce-Murcia, M. and Olshtain, E. 2000. Discourse and Context in Language Teaching: A Guide for Language Teachers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

[7] Choe S., and Rich, M. 2017. As Scandal Roils South Korea, Fingers Point to Mixing of Politics and Business, The New York Times, Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/02/world/asia/south-korea-park-geun-hye-samsung.html

[8] Cook, G. 1989. Discourse. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

[9] Correia, R. 2006. Encouraging Critical Reading in the EFL Classroom. English Teaching Forum 16-20. Retrieved on 3rd July , 2017 from https://americanenglish.state.gov/files/ae/resource_files/forum_rosane_correia_0.pdf

[10] Cots, J. M. 2006. Teaching “with an Attitude”: Critical Discourse Analysis in EFL Teaching. ELT Journal 60.4, 336-345.10.1093/elt/ccl024

[11] Cranton, P. 1996. Professional Development as Transformative Learning: New Perspectives for Teachers of Adults. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.8888852

[12] Facione, P. A. 1990. Critical Thinking: A Statement of Expert Consensus for Purposes of Educational Assessment and Instruction. Millbrae, CA: The California Academic Press.2234555

[13] Facione, P. A. 2000. The Disposition toward Critical Thinking: It's Character, Measurement, and Relationship to Critical Thinking Skill. Infoml Logic 20.1, 61-84.10.22329/il.v20i1.2254

[14] Fairclough, N. (ed.) 1992. Critical Language Awareness. London: Longman.

[15] Fairclough, N. 1995. Critical Discourse Analysis. London: Longman.

[16] Fairclough, N. 2001. Language and Power (2nd eds.). London: Longman.

[17] Faireclough, N. 1989. Language and Power. London: Longman.

[18] Farrelly M. 2015. Discourse and Democracy: Critical Analysis of the Language of Government. Routledge: New York, London

[19] Fisher, A. 2001. Critical Thinking. An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

[20] Fredricks, L. 2007. A Rationale for Critical Pedagogy in EFL: The Case of Tajikistan, The Reading Matri 7.2, 22-28.

[21] Freire, P. 2005. Education for Critical Consciousness. New York, NY: Continuum International Publishing Group.

[22] Fung, D. 2014. Promoting Critical Thinking Through Effective Group Work. Educational Research 66, 45-62.

[23] Griffiths, J., Seo, Y., Suk, L., and Hancocks, P. 2017. South Korea: Sewol Ferry Emerges from the Qater 3 Years after Sinking, CNN.com, Retrieved from https://edition.cnn.com/2017/03/22/asia/south-korea-sewol-ferry/index.html

[24] Halpern, D. F. 1996. Thought and Knowledge: An Introduction to Critical Thinking. 3rd Ed. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

[25] Janks, H. 2010. Literacy and Power. London and New York: Roytledge.

[26] Janks, H., Dixon, K., Ferreira, A., Granville, S., and Newfield, D. 2014. Doing Critical Literacy; Text and Activities for Students and Teachers. New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.

[27] Kim, E. J. 2017a. Fostering Criticality in English Presentation Class for EFL Learners, The Journal of Studies in Language 33.1, 45-70.10.18627/jslg.33.1.201705.45

[28] Kim, E. J. 2017b. Enhancing Critical Language Awareness with Discourse Analysis Frameworks in the EFL Context, Foreign Studies 39, 11-42.

[29] Lee, K., and Kim, S. 2017. Sewol Seen above Water after 1073 Days, The Korea Times. Retrieved from http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2017/03/356_226184.html

[30] Littlewood, W. 2000. Do Asian Students Really Want to Listen and Obey? ELT Journal 54.1, 31-35.10.1093/elt/54.1.31

[31] Locke, T. 2004. Critical Discourse Analysis. London: Continuum.

[32] McCarthy, M. 1991. Discourse Analysis for Language Teachers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

[33] McCarthy, M., and Carter, R. 1994. Language as Discourse: Perspectives for Language Teaching. London: Longman.

[34] McGuire, J. M. 2007. Why has the Critical Thinking Movement not Come to Korea? Asia Pacific Education Review 8.2, 224-232. Retrieved on October 8, 2017 from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ776339.pdf 10.1007/BF03029258

[35] Nisbett, R. 2003. The Geography of Thought: How Asians and Westerners Think Differently and Why. New York, NY: The Free Press.

[36] Norton, B. 2010. Review: Literacy and Power, Hilary Janks, New York, NY: Routledge, 2009, ppxxi + 245. Tesol Quarterly, 870-872.

[37] Norton, B. and K. Toohey (eds.) 2004. Critical Pedagogies and Language Learning. New York: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9781139524834

[38] Norton, S. 2008. Discourse Analysis as an Approach to Intercultural Competence in the Advanced EFL Classroom. Retrieved on 12 June, 2017 from http://arrow.dit.ie/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&context =aaschlanart

[39] Ock, H. 2017. Court Dismisses Park's Explanation on Missing 7 Hours as 'Insufficient' The Korea Herald. Retrieved from http://www.asiaone.com/asia/court-dismisses-parks-explanation-missing-7-hours-insufficient

[40] Paul, R. 1990. Critical Thinking: What Every Person Needs to Survive in a Rapidly Changing World. Rohnert Park, CA: Center for Critical Thinking and Moral Critique.

[41] Pennycook, A. 2001. Critical Applied Linguistics: A Critical Introduction. Lawrence Erlbaum: Mahwah.

[42] Ritchhart, R. 2002. Intellectual Character: What it is, Why it Matters, and How to Get it. San Fransisco: Jossey-Bass.

[43] Robinson, M. 2005. Metalanguage in L1 English-speaking 12-year-olds: Which Aspects of Writing do They Talk about? Language Awareness 14.1, 39-55.10.1080/09658410508668819

[44] Schmidt, R. W. 2001. Attention. In P. Robinson (ed.), Cognition and Second Language Instruction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 3-32.10.1017/CBO9781139524780.003 PMC2238342

[45] Tomalin, B. 2008. Making Culture Happen in the English Language Classroom. Retrieved on 14 Nov., 2010 from http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/think/articles/making-culture-happen-english-language-classroom

[46] Tuchman, G. 1978. Making News: A Study in the Construction of Reality, New York: Free Press.

[47] Urquhart, A.H. and Weir, C. 1998. Reading in a Second Language: Process, Product, and Practice. London and New York: Longman.

[48] Van Dijk, T. A. 1997. Discourse as Interaction in Society. In T. A. Van Dijk (ed.), Discourse as Social Interaction. London: Sage, 1-37.

[49] Van Dijk, T. A. 2001. Discourse, Ideology and Context. International Pragmatics Association Conference, Budapest, Hongrie 35, 11-40.

[50] Wallace, C. 1999. Critical Language Awareness: Key Principles for a Course in Critical Reading. Language Awareness 8.1, 98-109.10.1080/09658419908667121

[51] Wallace, C. 2003. Critical Reading in Language Education. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.10.1057/9780230514447

[52] Widdowson, H. G. 2000. Object Language and the Language Subject: on the Mediating Role of Applied Linguistics. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 20, 21-33.10.1017/S0267190500200020

[53] Wodak, R. 1984. Determination of Guilt: Discourses in the Courtroom. In C. Karamarae, M. Cchulz, and W. M. O’Barr (eds.), Language and Power. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 89-100.

[54] Wright, T. and R. Bolitho 1993. Language Awareness: A Missing Link in Language Teacher Education? ELT Journal 47.4, 292-304.10.1093/elt/47.4.292

[55] Yang, P. 2013. A Critical Discourse Analysis of Taiwan’s National Debate on Economic Ties with China, Taiwan Journal of Linguistics 11.2, 83-104, 2013 Retrieved on June. 22, 2018 from http://tjl.nccu.edu.tw/main/uploads/11.2__.4_1_.pdf

[56] Young, L., and Harrison, C. (eds.). 2004. Systemic Functional Linguistics and Critical Discourse Analysis. Studies in Social Change. London: Continuum.

[57] Yu, J. 2015. Analysis of Critical Reading Strategies and Its Effect on College English Reading. Theory and Practice in Language Studies 5.1, 134-138, Retrieved on July 21, 2017 from 10.17507/tpls.0501.18

[58] Zinkgraf, M. 2003. Assessing the Development of Critical Language Awareness in a Foreign Language Environment. http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs/data/eric docs2sql/content_storage_01/0000019b/80/1b/52/9c.pdf , May 12, 2011.

The Journal of Studies in Language ISSN:1225-4770(Print) 2671-6151(Online) 언어연구

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